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Miscarriage/Pregnancy Loss
About Miscarriage/Pregnancy Loss
Miscarriage, also known as pregnancy loss, is the spontaneous end of a pregnancy before the 20th week. It is a relatively common occurrence, with many early pregnancies ending this way.
Common Symptoms
- Vaginal bleeding
- Cramping or pain in the abdomen or lower back
- Fluid or tissue passing from the vagina
- Disappearance of pregnancy symptoms like nausea or breast tenderness
Diagnosis
Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, blood tests to measure hormone levels (such as hCG), and an ultrasound. An ultrasound can help determine if the pregnancy is viable or if a miscarriage has occurred.
Causes
Most miscarriages are thought to be caused by chromosomal abnormalities that prevent the fetus from developing normally. Other potential factors may include uterine abnormalities, certain infections, hormonal imbalances, or chronic health conditions in the pregnant person.
Treatment Overview
Management options for miscarriage may include expectant management (waiting for the body to pass the tissue naturally), medication to help pass the tissue, or surgical procedures like a D&C (dilation and curettage). Some individuals explore complementary approaches, such as acupuncture or herbal remedies, though their effectiveness in treating or preventing miscarriage is not scientifically established and should be discussed with a healthcare provider.
Prognosis & Outlook
The outlook after a single miscarriage is often positive for future pregnancies. However, experiencing recurrent miscarriages may prompt further investigation to identify potential underlying causes, though sometimes a cause is not found.
Types & Variants
Threatened Miscarriage
Vaginal bleeding occurs, but the cervix remains closed. The pregnancy may continue without further problems.
Inevitable Miscarriage
Bleeding and cramping occur along with an open cervix, indicating that the pregnancy loss cannot be prevented.
Incomplete Miscarriage
Some, but not all, of the pregnancy tissue has been passed from the uterus.
Complete Miscarriage
All of the pregnancy tissue has been expelled from the uterus.
Missed Miscarriage
The embryo or fetus has stopped developing, but no tissue has been passed. This is often discovered during a routine ultrasound.
Recurrent Miscarriage
Defined as the loss of two or more consecutive pregnancies. This may require further investigation to find an underlying cause.
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