Cancer
Lymphoma
About Lymphoma
Lymphoma is a type of cancer that begins in infection-fighting cells of the immune system, called lymphocytes. These cells are found in the lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, bone marrow, and other parts of the body, and when affected by lymphoma, they grow abnormally.
Common Symptoms
- Swollen lymph nodes (often in the neck, armpit, or groin)
- Fever
- Drenching night sweats
- Weight loss without trying
- Fatigue
- Itching
- Loss of appetite
- Cough or shortness of breath
- Abdominal pain or swelling
Diagnosis
Diagnosis typically involves a biopsy of an enlarged lymph node or other affected tissue to examine cells for cancer. Imaging tests such as CT scans, PET scans, and MRI may also be used to determine the extent of the lymphoma within the body.
Causes
The exact cause of lymphoma is not fully understood, but it is believed to result from mutations in DNA of lymphocytes. Risk factors may include certain infections (e.g., Epstein-Barr virus, HIV), a weakened immune system, and exposure to some chemicals.
Treatment Overview
Treatment approaches for lymphoma vary widely depending on the specific type and stage of the cancer. Conventional treatments commonly include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapies. In some cases, stem cell transplantation may be considered, and complementary therapies are sometimes discussed for managing symptoms or side effects alongside conventional care.
Prognosis & Outlook
The prognosis for individuals with lymphoma can vary significantly based on the specific type of lymphoma, its stage, and the individual's overall health. Advances in treatment have improved outcomes for many types of lymphoma, though diligent follow-up care is generally required.
Types & Variants
Hodgkin's lymphoma
This type is marked by the presence of a specific abnormal cell called the Reed-Sternberg cell. It typically spreads in an orderly pattern from one group of lymph nodes to the next.
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
This is a broader category of all other types of lymphoma. It is more common than Hodgkin's lymphoma and has many different subtypes, which are classified based on the type of lymphocyte affected (B cells or T cells).
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