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Hives
About Hives
Hives, also known as urticaria, are an itchy rash that appears as raised, red or skin-colored welts on the skin. These welts can vary in size and shape, often appearing suddenly and disappearing within hours, only to reappear elsewhere.
Common Symptoms
- Itchy welts (wheals) on the skin
- Red or skin-colored bumps
- Welts that change size, shape, and location
- Swelling beneath the skin (angioedema), particularly around the eyes, lips, or genitals
- Burning or stinging sensation
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of hives typically involves a physical examination by a healthcare professional, who will assess the appearance of the rash and review the patient's medical history. The doctor may ask about recent exposures, medications, and potential allergens to identify triggers.
Causes
Hives can be triggered by various factors, including allergic reactions to foods, medications, insect stings, or pet dander. Other causes may include infections, stress, exposure to cold or heat, certain medical conditions, or pressure on the skin.
Treatment Overview
Treatment approaches for hives generally focus on managing symptoms and identifying and avoiding triggers. Conventional treatments commonly include antihistamines to reduce itching and swelling, and in some cases, corticosteroids may be utilized for more severe outbreaks. Some individuals explore complementary approaches, such as dietary modifications or stress reduction techniques, though their effectiveness can vary. The choice of approach is typically made in consultation with a healthcare provider.
Prognosis & Outlook
The prognosis for hives can vary; many acute cases resolve on their own relatively quickly. Chronic hives, which last for six weeks or longer, may require ongoing management, but symptoms can often be controlled with appropriate treatment. While a specific cause is not always identified, strategies exist to help manage the condition.
Types & Variants
Acute Urticaria
Hives that last for less than six weeks. It is often caused by an allergic reaction to food, medication, or an infection.
Chronic Urticaria
Hives that occur most days of the week for six weeks or longer. The cause is often difficult to identify (idiopathic) but can be linked to autoimmune conditions.
Physical Urticaria
Hives caused by direct physical stimulation of the skin, such as from cold, heat, sun exposure, pressure, or sweating.
Dermatographism
A common form of physical urticaria where scratching or firmly stroking the skin causes raised red lines or welts.
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