Heart & Cardiovascular
High Blood Pressure
About High Blood Pressure
High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, is a common condition where the long-term force of the blood against your artery walls is high enough that it may eventually cause health problems, such as heart disease. It is often called a 'silent killer' because it typically has no noticeable symptoms.
Common Symptoms
- often no symptoms (silent killer)
- headaches (severe)
- shortness of breath
- nosebleeds
- flushing
- dizziness
- chest pain
- visual changes
- blood in urine
Diagnosis
High blood pressure is typically diagnosed by a healthcare professional using a blood pressure cuff. Multiple readings taken over time are usually needed to confirm a diagnosis, as a single high reading might be due to temporary factors like stress or anxiety.
Causes
In many cases, there is no identifiable cause for high blood pressure, which is then called essential or primary hypertension. Secondary hypertension can be caused by underlying conditions such as kidney disease, thyroid problems, certain medications, or sleep apnea.
Treatment Overview
Management of high blood pressure commonly involves lifestyle changes, such as dietary adjustments, regular physical activity, and stress reduction. Pharmaceutical interventions, including various classes of antihypertensive medications, may also be prescribed. Some individuals explore complementary approaches like herbal remedies or meditation, though their efficacy and safety should be discussed with a healthcare provider.
Prognosis & Outlook
The prognosis for high blood pressure is generally manageable, particularly with early detection and consistent adherence to medical advice. Untreated or poorly controlled hypertension may lead to serious complications over time, including heart attack, stroke, and kidney disease. Lifestyle modifications and prescribed treatments can significantly improve long-term outcomes.
Types & Variants
Primary (Essential) Hypertension
The most common type of high blood pressure that develops over time with no single identifiable cause.
Secondary Hypertension
High blood pressure caused by an underlying medical condition, such as kidney disease, thyroid problems, or sleep apnea.
Hypertensive Crisis
A severe, rapid increase in blood pressure (180/120 mm Hg or higher) that requires emergency medical attention.
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