Dental/Oral
Gingivitis
About Gingivitis
Gingivitis is a common and mild form of gum disease (periodontal disease) that causes irritation, redness, and swelling (inflammation) of the gingiva, the part of your gum around the base of your teeth. It is often caused by poor oral hygiene, which allows plaque and bacteria to build up on the teeth.
Common Symptoms
- Swollen or puffy gums
- Gums that are bright red or purplish red
- Gums that bleed easily when brushing or flossing
- Bad breath (halitosis)
- Tender gums
Diagnosis
Gingivitis is typically diagnosed by a dentist or dental hygienist during a routine dental examination. This usually involves visually inspecting the gums and teeth, checking for signs of inflammation, and probing the pockets around the teeth to measure their depth.
Causes
The most common cause of gingivitis is poor oral hygiene, which leads to the formation of plaque on the teeth. Plaque is a sticky, colorless film of bacteria that, if not removed, can harden into tartar (calculus), further irritating the gums. Other factors like hormonal changes, certain medications, smoking, dry mouth, and nutritional deficiencies may also contribute.
Treatment Overview
Conventional approaches to managing gingivitis primarily involve professional dental cleaning to remove plaque and tartar, along with improved at-home oral hygiene practices. Some dental professionals may also suggest antimicrobial mouthwashes. Complementary approaches that are sometimes discussed include various herbal rinses or supplements, though scientific evidence for their effectiveness often varies.
Prognosis & Outlook
With proper treatment and consistent oral hygiene, gingivitis is commonly reported to be reversible. If left untreated, however, it may advance to periodontitis, a more serious condition that could potentially lead to tooth loss.
Types & Variants
Plaque-induced gingivitis
This is the most common type, caused directly by the accumulation of plaque on the teeth.
Non-plaque-induced gingival lesions
This type can be caused by specific bacterial, viral, or fungal infections, allergic reactions, genetic factors, or systemic conditions.
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