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Infectious Disease

Genital Herpes

0 storiesUpdated Jul 5, 2026

About Genital Herpes

Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). It is characterized by periodic outbreaks of sores or blisters on and around the genitals, rectum, or mouth.

Common Symptoms

  • pain or itching
  • small red bumps or tiny white blisters
  • ulcers (when blisters rupture and crust over)
  • scabs (after ulcers heal)
  • flu-like symptoms during initial outbreak (fever, body aches, swollen lymph nodes, headache)
  • painful urination
  • tingling or itching where the infection was acquired

Diagnosis

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination by a healthcare provider, especially if sores are present. Lab tests, such as a viral culture from a sore, a PCR test, or a blood test for HSV antibodies, may also be used to confirm the diagnosis.

Causes

Genital herpes is caused by the herpes simplex virus, primarily HSV-2, though HSV-1 can also cause genital herpes through oral-genital contact. The virus is transmitted through direct contact with an infected person's sores, saliva, or genital secretions, typically during sexual activity.

Treatment Overview

While there is currently no cure for genital herpes, various antiviral medications are available to help manage symptoms and reduce the frequency and duration of outbreaks. These medications may also lower the risk of transmitting the virus to partners. Some individuals explore complementary approaches like lysine supplements or herbal remedies, although their effectiveness is not consistently supported by scientific evidence.

Prognosis & Outlook

Genital herpes is a lifelong condition, meaning the virus remains in the body and can cause recurrent outbreaks. However, with appropriate management, many individuals experience fewer and less severe outbreaks over time, allowing for a good quality of life.

Types & Variants

  • Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1)

    This type commonly causes oral herpes (cold sores) but can also cause genital herpes through oral-genital contact.

  • Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 (HSV-2)

    This is the most common cause of genital herpes and is almost exclusively transmitted through sexual contact.

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