Infectious Disease
Flu
About Flu
Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. It can infect the nose, throat, and sometimes the lungs, potentially leading to mild to severe illness.
Common Symptoms
- fever or feeling feverish/chills
- cough
- sore throat
- runny or stuffy nose
- muscle or body aches
- headaches
- fatigue (tiredness)
- vomiting
- diarrhea
Diagnosis
The flu is typically diagnosed based on a physical examination and a review of symptoms. Laboratory tests, such as rapid influenza diagnostic tests or molecular assays, may be used to confirm the presence of influenza viruses, especially when more definitive identification is needed.
Causes
The flu is caused by influenza viruses that spread primarily through airborne droplets when infected individuals cough, sneeze, or talk. Direct contact with contaminated surfaces then touching the mouth, nose, or eyes may also contribute to transmission.
Treatment Overview
Conventional approaches to managing the flu often include rest, hydration, and over-the-counter medications to relieve symptoms. Antiviral drugs may be prescribed for some individuals to reduce the severity and duration of the illness. Some people explore complementary approaches such as herbal remedies or vitamin supplements, though their efficacy for flu treatment is a subject of ongoing research.
Prognosis & Outlook
For most healthy individuals, the flu typically resolves on its own within a week or two. However, some people, particularly young children, older adults, and those with certain chronic medical conditions, may develop complications such as pneumonia, which can be serious.
Types & Variants
Influenza A
Can infect humans and many different animals. The constant evolution of these viruses is responsible for most seasonal flu epidemics and all flu pandemics (e.g., H1N1).
Influenza B
Circulates widely only among humans. These viruses generally cause a less severe illness than influenza A but can still be very harmful, especially in high-risk groups.
Influenza C
Causes mild respiratory illness in humans and is not thought to cause epidemics.
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