Cancer
Breast Cancer
About Breast Cancer
Breast cancer is a disease in which cells in the breast grow out of control, forming a tumor. These tumors can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous), with malignant tumors having the potential to spread to other parts of the body.
Common Symptoms
- A new lump or mass in the breast or underarm
- Swelling of all or part of the breast
- Skin irritation or dimpling
- Nipple pain or the nipple turning inward
- Redness, scaliness, or thickening of the nipple or breast skin
- Nipple discharge other than breast milk
- Changes in the size or shape of the breast
Diagnosis
Diagnosis for breast cancer commonly involves a combination of methods, often starting with a physical exam and medical history. Imaging tests like mammograms, ultrasounds, or MRIs are frequently used to visualize breast tissue. A definitive diagnosis typically requires a biopsy, where a tissue sample is removed and examined under a microscope.
Causes
The exact causes of breast cancer are not fully understood, but it is believed to develop due to a combination of genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Certain genetic mutations, a family history of breast cancer, and exposure to some hormones or radiation are commonly identified risk factors.
Treatment Overview
The landscape of breast cancer treatment often includes conventional medical approaches such as surgery to remove the tumor, radiation therapy to destroy cancer cells, chemotherapy to kill cancer cells throughout the body, and hormone therapy or targeted therapy to block specific pathways that help cancer grow. Some individuals also explore complementary approaches, which may include dietary changes, exercise, or mind-body practices, typically alongside their conventional medical care.
Prognosis & Outlook
The prognosis for breast cancer can vary widely depending on factors such as the type of cancer, its stage at diagnosis, and the individual's overall health. Advances in detection and treatment have generally improved outcomes, particularly when the cancer is found and addressed early.
Types & Variants
Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC)
The most common type of breast cancer, where cancer cells that began in the milk ducts have invaded surrounding breast tissue.
Invasive Lobular Carcinoma (ILC)
Cancer that starts in the milk-producing glands (lobules) and has spread to nearby breast tissue.
Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS)
A non-invasive or pre-invasive breast cancer where abnormal cells are found in the lining of a breast duct but have not spread outside the duct.
Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
An aggressive type of invasive cancer that tests negative for estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, and excess HER2 protein.
Journey insights for Breast Cancer will appear here once contributor stories have been shared and analyzed.
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