Heart & Cardiovascular
Arrhythmia
About Arrhythmia
Arrhythmia refers to an irregular heartbeat, meaning the heart beats too fast, too slow, or with an irregular rhythm. It occurs when the electrical impulses that coordinate heartbeats do not function properly.
Common Symptoms
- Palpitations (a feeling of a racing or pounding heart)
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Shortness of breath
- Chest pain or discomfort
- Fatigue
- Fainting (syncope)
- Anxiety
Diagnosis
Diagnosis typically involves reviewing medical history and performing a physical exam. Electrocardiograms (ECGs or EKGs) are commonly used to record the heart's electrical activity and identify irregularities. Other diagnostic tests may include Holter monitors or event recorders, which track heart rhythms over longer periods.
Causes
Arrhythmias can be caused by various factors, including heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, and thyroid conditions. Lifestyle factors such as stress, excessive caffeine or alcohol intake, and certain medications may also contribute.
Treatment Overview
Management strategies for arrhythmias can vary widely depending on the type and severity. Conventional approaches may include medications to control heart rate or rhythm, electrical cardioversion, or catheter ablation procedures. Some individuals also explore complementary approaches such as stress management techniques or dietary modifications, often alongside conventional care.
Prognosis & Outlook
The prognosis for individuals with arrhythmia can vary significantly depending on the underlying cause, type, and severity of the condition. Many types of arrhythmias are manageable with appropriate medical care, allowing individuals to maintain a good quality of life. However, some arrhythmias may indicate more serious heart conditions, and these may carry a more cautious outlook.
Types & Variants
Atrial Fibrillation (AFib)
A common type of arrhythmia where the heart's upper chambers (atria) beat chaotically and irregularly, increasing the risk of stroke.
Bradycardia
A heart rate that is too slow, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute at rest.
Tachycardia
A heart rate that is too fast, typically over 100 beats per minute at rest.
Ventricular Fibrillation
A life-threatening emergency where rapid, chaotic electrical impulses cause the lower chambers (ventricles) to quiver ineffectively instead of pumping blood.
Premature Contractions
Extra, early heartbeats that originate in the atria or ventricles, often feeling like a 'skipped' beat. They are usually harmless.
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